HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

When thinking about energy efficiency, one of the most important decisions to be made regarding a new home is the type of heating and cooling system to install. Equally critical to consider is the selection of the heating and cooling contractor. The operating efficiency of a system depends as much on proper installation as it does on the performance rating of the equipment.

Improper design and improper installation of the HVAC system have negative impacts on personal comfort and on energy bills. Improper design and installation of a HVAC system can dramatically degrade the quality of air in a home. Poorly designed and poorly installed ducts can create dangerous conditions that may reduce comfort, degrade indoor air quality, or even threaten the health of the homeowners.

TYPES OF HEATING SYSTEMS

Keys to obtaining design efficiency of a system in the field include:

·         Sizing the system for the specific heating and cooling load of the home being built;

·         Proper selection and proper installation of controls;

·         Correctly charging the unit with the proper amount of refrigerant;

·         Sizing and designing the layout of the ductwork or piping for maximizing energy efficiency; and

·         Insulating and sealing all ductwork.

Two types of heating systems are most common in a new home: forced-air or radiant, with forced-air being used in the majority of the homes. The heat source is either a furnace, which burns a gas, or an electric heat pump. Furnaces are generally installed with central air conditioners. Heat pumps provide both heating and cooling. Some heating systems have an integrated water heating system.

FORCED-AIR SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Most new homes have forced-air heating and cooling systems. These systems use a central furnace plus an air conditioner, or a heat pump. Figure 7-1 shows all the components of a forced-air system. In a typical system, several of these components are combined into one unit. Forced-air systems utilize a series of ducts to distribute the conditioned heated or cooled air throughout the home. A blower, located in a unit called an air handler, forces the conditioned air through the ducts. In many residential systems, the blower is integral with the furnace enclosure.

 Most homes in Kentucky have a choice of the following approaches for central, forced-air systems; fuel- fired furnaces with electric air conditioning units, electric heat pumps or a dual fuel system that combines both a fuel-fired furnace with an electric heat pump. The best system for each home depends on the cost and efficiency of the equipment, annual energy use, and the local price and availability of energy sources. In most homes, either type of system, if designed and installed 

properly, will economically deliver personal comfort.

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