What does a condenser in an ac unit do?

The condenser does just what the name says: in the condenser the hot gaseous refrigerant coming from the compressor is cooled which causes it to condense into a liquid. Compressing a gas makes it much hotter, enough hotter than the outside air on a hot day that it can transfer its heat to that hot outside air  which makes the hot air even hotter, and cools the high pressure gas enough to make it condense into a fairly warm liquid.

The pressurized liquid refrigerant flows to the evaporator, where it is sprayed through a small nozzle into the evaporator (which is kept at low pressure because the refrigerant pump is constantly sucking on this part of the AC unit.)

When the warm high pressure refrigerant liquid sprays into the low pressure evaporator, it - you guessed it - evaporates. This lowers it temperature a lot, to near or below 0 degrees C. The air you wish to cool is blown over the cold evaporator, and the refrigerant gas gets somewhat warmer.

The warm low pressure refrigerant gas is sucked up and compressed into the condenser. And once it has transferred that heat to the outside air, it condenses, and the cycle repeats.

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