There is no
single perfect refrigerant for diverse air conditioning, refrigeration, and
industrial applications. The predominant halocarbons (CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs)
combine excellent efficiency and safety with acceptable costs. However, they
contribute to ozone depletion potential (ODP) and/or global warming potential
(GWP). The Montreal Protocol has eliminated ODP by requiring replacement of
CFCs and HCFCs with HFCs such as R-410A, R- 407C, and R134a. The next focus is
a worldwide technical and policy search for next-generation refrigerants with
low global warming potential (LGWP). Potential options include “natural”
refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), and
ammonia (NH3) as well as HFOs and HFO/HFC blends. All involve
significant trade-offs among GWP, energy efficiency, safety, and cost. Environmental
policy must consider the indirect effects of increased CO2 emissions
for less efficient refrigerants, not just the direct global warming (GWP) of
the refrigerant. We must insist on using metrics such as Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) that balance refrigerant
direct GWP, charge level, leakage emissions, and efficiency of the refrigerant
in actual systems. This allows the best possible comparison of refrigerants for
each application. In the right policy environment, we can achieve reduced
environmental impact and increase efficiency. This will probably require
increased differentiation of application-specific refrigerant choices that are
associated with somewhat higher first costs but very attractive life cycle
costs with acceptable safety and environmental
impacts.
www.bilkargroup.com
www.bilkarsogutma.com.tr
info@bilkargroup.com
+90 212 343 50 40
+90 553 343 50 40
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